همه چیز در رابطه با تعداد زیادی از پلیمر های معروف ( by Tangram Technology Ltd )
Quick Polymer Information |
|
|
|
|
This is a quick run through of the various polymers and their applications and properties. For full information on some of these polymers click on the More Information link where it is present.
ABS - Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene - More Information |
|
|
Thermoplastic |
|
|
Properties |
Applications |
|
Tough, hard and rigid and can be produced in high gloss colours. Good chemical resistance and dimensional stability; high creep resistance, can be electroplated, moderate strength, inexpensive. Tendency to stress crack. |
Telephone handsets, electronic housings, luggage, auto parts, consumer products, pipe fittings, waste pipes, computer housings (electroplated on the inside), and automotive interior and exterior trim.
|
EP - Epoxy |
|
|
Thermoset |
|
|
Properties |
Applications |
|
Rigid, clear and very tough with good chemical resistance. It is air curable, highly fillable, possesses low shrinkage and low susceptibility to stress formation. Good adhesion to almost all materials. High tensile and vibrational strength. High heat resistance, high heat deformation resistance, and . Good aging properties. Good electrical and dielectrical properties. Odourless, tasteless, low flammability. Systems can be formulated to meet specific requirements. |
Adhesives, coatings, encapsulation compounds, aerospace applications. |
E/VAL - Ethylene vinyl alcohol |
|
|
Thermoplastic |
|
|
Properties |
Applications |
|
Flexible and rubbery. E/VAL films are hydrophilic, crystal clear, glossy and do not need special antistatic treatments. Good barrier properties for gases and aromatic materials. Its permeability depends on temperature and humidity. It has a working range from 70 to -70ºC. High coefficient of friction. |
Flexible tubing for various applications from beer tubing to vacuum cleaner hoses, packaging of textiles. E/VAL powder coating variants are used in the construction of chemical plants, buildings, steel structures, roads, and offshore engineering. |
Ionomer |
|
|
Thermoplastic |
|
|
Properties |
Applications |
|
High impact strength at low temperatures, puncture and abrasion resistance, high melt elasticity, and good thermoforming properties. Low sealing temperatures, high sealing seam strength, resistance to grease, oil, and solvents. |
Tough, scratch-resistant golf balls and bowling pin covers to footwear components, glass coatings, abrasion resistant surfaces and buoys. Used to replace glass or crystal and can be used in packaging films and sealants. |
LCP - Liquid Crystal Polymer |
|
|
Thermoplastic |
|
|
Properties |
Applications |
|
Excellent strength but expensive. Good high temperature properties, can be used in thin walls (as thin as 0.2 mm). Parts can withstand autoclaving temperatures of 135 ºC. High chemical resistance and flame retardancy. Very low coefficient of thermal expansion. High tensile modulus from 10 to 24 GPa. |
High-performance engineering applications such as electrical connectors and machine parts. Surgical devices. |
MF - Melamine formaldehyde |
|
|
Thermoset |
|
|
Properties |
Applications |
|
Hard, opaque (but wide colour range), tough with high surface hardness and scratch resistance. High resistance to creep, heat, moisture, boiling water. High shrinkage, easy to crack. |
Decorative laminates, lighting fixtures, picnic ware, toilet seats, general purpose moulding compounds and food containers (e.g. dishes). |
PA - Polyamide (Nylon) - More Information |
|
|
Thermoplastic |
|
|
Properties |
Applications |
|
Rigid translucent and tough with moderate strength. Inexpensive but has poor dimensional stability due to water absorption (hygroscopic nature). Available in many different forms and the mechanical properties can be significantly improved by the use of glass fibre reinforcement. Generally resistant to fuels and oils (dependent on type of PA used). Steam sterilisable. |
Gear wheels, zips, bearings, pressure tubing, kitchen utensils and blow mouldings, and clothing fabrics. |
PB - Polybutylene - More Information |
|
|
Thermoplastic |
|
|
Properties |
Applications |
|
Semi-rigid, tough with high flexibility (even at low temperatures), high abrasion resistance, high resistance to chemical attack, and good resistance to hot water and to stress cracking. Good barrier properties but has poor handling in the form of semi-finished goods and mouldings after processing because of the start of crystal rearrangement. |
Boil-in-the-bag films, industrial pipes, tubes and sheets. Used for central heating system pipes and components because of good resistance to hot water. |
PC - Polycarbonate - More Information |
|
|
Thermoplastic |
|
|
Properties |
Applications |
|
Excellent strength and toughness with good dimensional stability, dielectric strength, flame retardancy, and impact resistance (highest among transparent rigid materials). It is susceptible to stress cracking with aromatic solvents, and is difficult to machine. |
Riot shields, optical lenses and headlamp sets, vandal proof glazing, medical items, safety helmets, CD's, and power tool housings. |
PE - Polyethylene (Low Density: PE-LD, Medium Density: PE-MD, Linear Low Density: PE-LLD, High Density: PE-HD, Ultra High Molecular Weight: PE-UHMW) |
|
|
Thermoplastic |
|
|
Properties |
Applications |
|
PE is really a family of polymers and all have varying
properties. |
PE applications vary with the type of material. |
PEEK - Polyether ether ketone - More Information |
|
|
Thermoplastic |
|
|
Properties |
Applications |
|
High tensile and flexural strength, high impact strength, and a high fatigue limit. High heat distortion temperature, high chemical resistance, and high radiation resistance. Good electrical properties, good slip and wear characteristics, and low flammability. Easy processing, no thermal after-treatment of injection moulding. |
Microwave grills, nuclear reactor components, surgical tools. |
PES - Polyether sulphone - More Information |
|
|
Thermoplastic |
|
|
Properties |
Applications |
|
This expensive material is electroplatable, has high strength, good toughness, good dielectric strength, and dimensional stability. |
Electric connectors. |
PET - Polyester |
|
|
Thermoplastic |
|
|
Properties |
Applications |
|
Rigid, clear and extremely tough with excellent dimensional stability and high dielectric strength. It has moderate chemical resistance, low resistance to strong acids and bases, is notch sensitive, and is not recommended for outdoor use or in hot water. |
Carbonated drink bottles, video and audio tapes, clothing and handles. |
PF - Phenol formaldehyde (Phenolic) |
|
|
Thermoset |
|
|
Properties |
Applications |
|
Hard brittle opaque but can be strengthened with fillers such as wood pulp and cellulose. Good electrical properties and chemical and heat resistance. |
Ashtrays, lamp holders, saucepan handles and early consumer electronic products such as telephones and radios. |
PI - Polyimide (Aramids) |
|
|
Thermoplastic or thermoset |
|
|
Properties |
Applications |
|
Rigid, opaque with high impact and dielectric strength, high heat resistance (260ºC continuous, up to 480ºC intermittent), and a low coefficient of thermal expansion. |
Bearing materials, thrust washers, and semiconductor wafer clamps. |
PMMA - Polymethyl methacrylate (Perspex, Lucite, Oroglass) - More Information |
|
|
Thermoplastic |
|
|
Properties |
Applications |
|
Hard, rigid, glass clear with good weather resistance and can be used in casting, thermoforming and fabricating. |
Signs and leaflet dispensers, automotive lens clusters, lighting diffusers. |
POM - Polyacetal (Acetal) - More Information |
|
|
Thermoplastic |
|
|
Properties |
Applications |
|
Rigid, translucent and tough with good spring like qualities. It has good dimensional stability and is resistant to creep and fatigue. High abrasion and chemical resistance. |
Business machine parts, toy parts, handles and knobs, aerosol valves, clock and watch parts and bearing parts. |
PPO - Polyphenylene Oxide - More Information |
|
|
Thermoplastic |
|
|
Properties |
Applications |
|
Rigid, opaque. It is easily attacked by some hydrocarbons, although it resists many chemicals. Possesses excellent dimensional stability, low moisture absorption, and high mechanical and dielectric strength. |
Coffee pot and washing machine parts, microwave components. |
PPS - Polyphenylene Sulfide |
|
|
Thermoplastic |
|
|
Properties |
Applications |
|
High temperature resistance (with non-burning continuous use at 240ºC), low temperature endurance, good chemical resistance, and flame retardance. |
Chemical pumps, high performance electrical connectors, medical equipment, TV and automotive components and other high stress parts. |
PP - Polypropylene - More Information |
|
|
Thermoplastic |
|
|
Properties |
Applications |
|
High lubricity and high resistance to flexing (excellent for living hinges), excellent dielectric strength and chemical resistance, good impact strength, and high solvent resistance. Can be sterilised by steam and has good heat resistance. It is inexpensive and electroplatable. It is difficult to paint, print on, or bond to. It will be attacked by fuming nitric acid and degraded by UV and ionising radiation. |
Sterilisable hospital ware, medical syringes, beakers, and parts for auto interiors, vacuum flasks. |
PS - Polystyrene - More Information |
|
|
Thermoplastic |
|
|
Properties |
Applications |
|
Brittle (except in high impact grades: PS-HI), easy to mould, it is inexpensive, machines well, and possesses excellent transparency. Low mechanical strength. |
Inexpensive packaging materials, pens, safety razors, flatware, and CD jewel boxes. In foam format, PS is used to make high-throughput, thin-walled, easy-to-mould parts such as disposable coffee cups. |
PTFE - Polytetrafluorethylene and other fluoroplastics (FEP, PFA, CTFE, ECTFE, ETFE) |
|
|
Thermoplastic |
|
|
Properties |
Applications |
|
Semi-rigid, translucent with exceptionally low coefficient of friction and excellent chemical resistance. High temperature stability (to 260ºC) and low temperature toughness (to -160ºC). Good weathering resistance and electrical properties. Low mechanical strength. Expensive. |
Non-stick coatings. gaskets, packings, bearings, high and low temperature electrical and medical products, other applications needing excellent dielectric strength, chemical, and temperature resistance. |
PU - Polyurethane |
|
|
Thermoplastic |
|
|
Properties |
Applications |
|
Flexible, clear, highly elastic with high impact resistance, dielectric strength, chemical resistance, and abrasion resistance. It can be made into films, solid mouldings, or flexible foams. Outdoor exposure turns brittle. |
Soles and heels for sports shoes, automotive structural members, computer housings, furniture, seals and gaskets, skateboard wheels and packaging foams. |
PVC - Polyvinyl chloride - More Information |
|
|
Thermoplastic |
|
|
Properties |
Applications |
|
PVC is one of the most versatile of all polymers. The polymer cannot be used in the natural state but compounding can create an enormous range of properties from rigid products (window frames) through to flexible sheets and hoses. Flexible grades are easy to process. Rigid grades have a high dielectric strength, outdoor stability, chemical resistance, good moisture stability, and low cost. Material has low heat resistance. |
Pipes and fittings, wire and cable insulation, window profiles, extruded film and sheet, and medical applications. |
SI - Silicone |
|
|
Thermoset |
|
|
Properties |
Applications |
|
Possesses dimensional stability and good electrical and dielectrical properties over wide frequency and temperature ranges. It has flame resistance, low water absorption, moderate thermal shock resistance, and average polymeric mechanical properties. It has a high cost, limited shelf-life, and a long curing time. |
Computer chips, IC, cooking ware, and food containers, high performance window seals. |
SAN - Styrene Acrylonitrile |
|
|
Thermoplastic |
|
|
Properties |
Applications |
|
Rigid, transparent and tough, resistant to stress cracking and crazing. |
|
Last edited: 11/03/10
© Tangram Technology Ltd. 2001
Our standard disclaimer regarding Internet data applies.


















